影响大棚蔬菜的气象灾害变化特点及对策

Characteristics and Countermeasures of Meteorological Disaster Variation Affecting Greenhouse Vegetables

以河北省沧州为例,采用1970～2005年的气候资料,对影响大棚蔬菜主要生产阶段（10月至翌年3月）的极端最低气温、冬季平均气温、强降温、大雾、寡照、大风、大雪等气象因素进行统计。结果表明：沧州地区极端最低气温、冬季平均气温整体呈上升趋势,大雾在波动中呈现减少的趋势,而大风减少比较突出,都对大棚蔬菜的生长比较有利;寡照灾害呈现增加趋势,特别是20世纪90年代以后增加明显,影响大棚蔬菜的生长发育;强降温及大雪过程变化异常,未来有发展趋势。针对这些气象灾害的变化特点,在大力发展大棚蔬菜的基础上提出了要做好增光、保温工作,加强极端天气气候事件的防御等建议。

Taking Cangzhon of Hebie Province as an example, based on the meteorological data from 1970 to 2005, an analysis is made of meteorological factors affecting greenhouse vegetables in winter, such as extreme minimum air temperature, winter average temperature, severe temperature drop, fog, scant sunlight, gale, heavy snow and so on. The results show that extreme low temperature and winter average temperature had an increasing trend; fog had a fluctuational decreasing trend; gale decreased obviously. These are beneficial to greenhouse vegetables. The scant sunlight exhibited an increased tend, especially after the 1990s, which is unfavorable to greenhouse vegetables. Severe temperature drop and heavy snow tended to change abnormally. In view of these variation characteristics of meteorological factors, some suggestions are presented, such as increasing light intensity, preserving heat, and strengthening capability to defense against extreme weather and climate events.