简论社团和体育社团的兴起

The Rising of Associations and Sports Associations

西方发达国家中的"社团"是基于社会和公民的需要,由下而上建立起来。中国社团则是由上而下建立,有"准国家主义"的性质,有对上负责和对下服务双重要求。西方体育社团的萌芽出现在古希腊,并在中世纪过后开始发展,这是商品经济和民主制度下的产物。中国体育社团出现在南宋临安,受社会政治影响较大,经历坎坷。

The associations in the western developed countries are set up from bottom to top based on the needs of both the society and the citizens. On the other hand, the associations in China are built from top to bottom and are characteristics of nationalism. The associations in China not only should the responsibility for their superior but also serve for their junior. Sports associations in western countries budded in ancient Greece, and began to bloom after the middle ages. There are the byproduct of both democracy and capitalist commodity economy in the west- ern countries. Sports associations in China made their first appearance in Linan, the capital city of Nan Song. They were strongly influenced by the society and political system and therefore went through a difficult time.