花蕊成熟度及花粉贮藏条件对朝天椒杂交结实率的影响

Effect of Pistil and Stamen Mature Degree and Pollen Store Condition on Setting Rate in Hybrid Hot Pepper

对花蕊成熟度及花粉贮藏条件影响朝天椒杂交结实率进行了研究。试验结果表明,不同成熟度花蕊的授粉受精能力差异明显,开花前5d的过嫩花蕾基本不具备授粉受精能力,开花前4d的嫩花蕾开始具备授粉受精能力,无论雌蕊还是雄蕊均以开花当天和开花前1～2d的花蕾(朵)有较高的杂交坐果率和结籽率。朝天椒花粉的生活力与温度、空气相对湿度和贮藏时间密切相关,相对低温高湿的环境有利于延长花粉的贮藏时间,并能保持较高的杂交坐果率和结籽率。

The result showed that capacity of pollination and fertilization of different mature pistil and stamen are different. Tender pistil basically can not be fertilized at 5th day before flower blossom. Tender pistil at 4th day befor flower has little ability to be fertilized. Pistil and stamen have higher setting rate, in first day of blossom and 1-2 d befor and after flower. Pollen viability is related to , air temperature, relative humidity and storage time. Lower temperature and higher humidity are good for delaying pollen storage time and improving the fruit setting and seed yield.