合肥市土地利用变化及其对景观生态格局的影响

Study of land-use changes and the effects on landscape ecology in Hefei City of Anhui Province

文章利用遥感、GIS的空间分析技术和景观格局分析软件等,对比分析了合肥市1990年和2006年土地利用以及景观格局变化过程和特征。结果表明:16 a来合肥市建设用地增加了29 220.03 hm2;耕地减少了35 240.49 hm2,减少的主要流向是转化为城镇和农村居民点用地以及水域等;水域和林草果业用地有所加大;未利用地减少。同时,景观破碎化程度加剧,景观稳定性和生境质量有所下降。因此必须采取更加有效地措施防止人类活动和土地无序利用的生态负效应,促进社会经济和生态环境的良性发展。

The general characteristics, the process of the spatial changes and the dynamic change of landscape patterns in Hefei City from 1990 to 2006 are analyzed and compared in this paper based on the application of GIS and FRAGSTATS3. 3. It is found that the structure of the land-use has been greatly changed for 16 years. The area of the buildings increased by 29 220. 03 hm^2, however, the area of farmland decreased by 35 240.49 hm^2, which were all turned into areas of new towns, residence land, reservoirs and ponds. The areas of the water and forest land increased slowly; and the area of weeds and bare land decreased. The increasing of patch count, complex of the border and landscape fragmentation process, the landscape diversity, the spatial connectedness of patches and the decline of landscape stability all had weakened the ability of anti-interference and resistence of the natural calamity, and the environmental quality deteriorated due to the change of landscape patterns. The effective measures, which can prevent the ecological negative effects of human activity and land use, should be taken to promote the local economy and protect the environment of ecosystem in a better way.