膳食碳水化合物和生糖负荷与成人血脂异常危险关系的研究

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE AND GLYCEMIC LOAD AND DYSLIPIDEMIA RISK IN ADULTS

目的探讨膳食碳水化合物和生糖负荷与中国成人血脂水平及血脂异常患病危险的关系,为膳食防治提供科学依据。方法使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据,根据食物血糖生成指数(glycemic index,GI)和碳水化合物摄入量计算膳食生糖负荷(glycemic load,GL)。以膳食GL作为指标,采用单相关分析和多元回归分析探讨膳食碳水化合物与中国成人血脂水平的关系;采用趋势分析和Logistic回归分析探讨膳食碳水化合物与中国成人血脂异常患病危险的关系。结果膳食GL与人群血浆总胆固醇(TC)水平和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平呈负相关,高GL可降低高TC血症和高LDL-C血症患病危险;膳食GL与人群高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平呈负相关,高GL可增加低HDL-C血症患病危险;膳食GL与血浆甘油三酯(TG)水平呈负相关,但未见高GL对高TG血症患病风险有显著影响。结论以粮谷类食物为主,碳水化合物为主要能量来源的中国传统膳食模式有利于预防血脂异常的发生。

Objectives To analyze the relationship between dietary carbohydrate and glycemic load （GL） and the plasma lipid level and dyslipidemia risk. Method The sample of adults above 18y of age from ＂National Survey on Nutrition and Health Status of the Chinese People 2002＂ was used, excluding pregnant women, mothers and people who controled their diets. Data of GI from China Food Composition 2002 and International Glycemic Index Table 2002 were used. The dietary GL as the indicator of dietary carbohydrate was calculated by multiplying the carbohydrate content of each food by its glycemic index, then multiplied by frequency of consumption and summed up from all food. Correlation analysis, multiple regression and Logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between dietary GL and plasma lipid level and dyslipidemia risk. Results Dietary GL remained inversely associated with plasma total cholesterol （TC） and low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）. With the increase of dietary GL, the risk of hypercholesterolemia and high blood LDL-C decreased. In the meantime dietary GL remained negatively associated with plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）. With the increase of dietary GL, the risk of low blood HDL-C increased. Dietary GL remained inversely associated with plasma triglyceride（TG）, but showed no significant influence on risk of hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusion The traditional Chinese dietary pattern which is characterized by cereals as staple food is helpful to decrease dyslipidemia risk.