浅析近代早期英国的社会垂直流动

Social Vertical Mobility in Early Modern England

近代早期英国出现了频繁、合理的社会垂直流动。频繁的社会垂直流动既表现在非绅士阶层人士跻身绅士阶层、社会下层人士跻身中间阶层,在阶层的层级次序中实现了向上社会流动,也表现在社会各阶层人士的向下社会流动。合理的社会垂直流动主要表现在社会垂直流动存在于社会各阶层之中、向上社会流动大于向下社会流动、大贵族的地位相对稳定。频繁、合理的社会垂直流动影响着近代早期英国社会变迁的进程。

The social vertical mobility was very frequent and reasonable in early modem England. The frequent social vertical mobility showed that some people climbed to the genteel hierarchies from the non-genteel hierarchies or to the middle from the bottom, moved upward in social mobility, and that other people, however, fall to the bottom, moved downward in social mobility. The reasonable social vertical mobility showed that they occurred in every social hierarchy, the upward social mobility was more frequent than the downward（ social mobility）, and the nobility were relatively stable. The frequent, reasonable social vertical mobility had an influence on the social change.