试论王栋实学致用的经世观

Wang Dong's Statecraft Ideology of Real Learning for Application

王栋把经世看成是一种"家法"。他的经世家法说实际上是实学思想的反映。王栋十分看重儒学的经世作用。同时王栋主张讲学经世,他认为《论语》《孟子》之书是真正的人情事变切实工夫,是一种经世济用之学。王栋反对悬空论道,强调理论联系实际。他详细分析了历来学者对知行关系的看法,认为知与行两者复杂关系的形成实由于"德性无假于见闻,见闻不离于德性"的交错变化而成的。于是,他对知行的种类作了详细考察,强调"心悟而身体",并把对良知的体悟看成是行的前提和关键。

Wang Dong regarded learning for administrating the nation as a family rule, which represented his idea of real learning. Wang Dong thought a lot of Confucianism in country management. Meanwhile, Wang Dong advocated administrating the nation by discoursing on an academic subject. He thought The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Mencius as real books about human feelings and social changes. He opposed to groundless doetrines and emphasized integrating theory and practice. By particularly analyzing ideas of former scholars about knowledge and action, he proposed that the complicated relationship between knowledge and action was formed by the virtue that faithfully reflected the knowledge and the knowledge that was not away from the virtue. Therefore, he investigated in detail the varieties of knowledge and actions and insisted on ＂realizing knowledge by heart and earnestly practicing it＂. Meanwhile, he regarded the realization of intuitive knowledge as the precondition and essence of actions.