审议民主与公民意识

Deliberation Democracy and Citizenship Consciousness

为了改善目前的代议民主流于程序性民主、弱民主的流弊,一种强调公民直接参与公共决策的"审议民主理论",成为近20年来政治发展的显学,值得吾人重视。这种在20世纪80年代中期由丹麦首先发展出来的新兴民主决策模式,逐步地在丹麦、英国、美国等欧美国家进行实验,从实验的经验中显示,它能让公民自由、平等地参与公共决策,并能有效提升公民的公共参与决策的质量,因而相继扩及亚洲的日本、南韩、台湾等地。基于此,本文的重点在讨论审议民主的意涵、优点及限制,并探讨其与公民意识的关系。本文的研究发现,审议民主能够强化公民的参与感,增进公民认同,培养公民德行,参与公民在公民认知、公民态度、公民参与各方面均有实质进步。经由审议民主的公民参与模式能够激励公民意识的整体表现。

Democratic politics might not be the best political pattern,but most people would agree that democracy is the most welcoming living way up till now.In order to improve the representative democracy that is just a procedural democracy and thin democracy,a theory of deliberation democracy has become a noticeable field in the development of politics in the last two decades,which emphasizes that citizens should participate directly in the activities of public decision.The pattern of public decision was produced originally in Denmark in the middle 1980s,and then experimented step by step in those European and American countries as Denmark,England and U.S.A..The experiments show that,it may lead citizens to participate in public decisions freely and fairly,and can raise effectively the quality of their participation to public decisions.That is why it is expanded to those Asian countries and area as Japan,Korea and Taiwan.The paper focuses on the discussion of its content,advantages and limitations,and approach to its relation with citizenship consciousness.It discovers that the pattern of citizen participation through deliberation democracy may stimulate the whole manifestation of citizenship consciousness.