应然与“反应然”

"Ought" and "Against Ought"

长期以来,人们对休谟问题"能否从实然推出应然"给予了很大的关注,而对相应的另一方面的问题"由应然能否实现实然"却关注不够。事实上,人们通常提出的应然原则或应然理论与实然生活之间往往存在一定差距。这种情况需要用与应然相反的原则才能解释,因为这里是应然原则本身出了问题。反应然命题就是基于应然的非实然状况的必然存在或发生而与应然相对的命题。可以说反应然具有与应然相对立的两方面的根本特性,这些特性决定了应然原则难以完全地实然化。

People has given much attention to David Hume＇s ＂whether it can educed from ‘is＇ to ＇ought＇＂, while the response to the issue ＂whether it can educed from ‘ought＇ to ‘is＇＂ has not got enough attention. In fact, There often exit some gaps between the ＂ought to be＂ principle and ＂ought to be＂ theory and the ＂to be＂ real life. This situation needs to be explained by using the contrary principle, because it is the ＂to be＂ principle that has a problem. However, the ＂against ought＂ proposition is the opposite side to the ＂ought to be＂ principle based on the inevitable exist or occur of the ＂non-is＂ status of the ＂ought＂, It can be said that ＂against ought＂ has a double-sided nature opposite to ＂ought＂ which decides that the ＂ought to be＂ principle is difficult to be completely turned into the ＂to be＂.