论“酒悖”

On Drunken Stupor

探讨人的精神状态及其变化的生理基础,是《内经》形神理论的重要组成部分。《灵枢.论勇》对"酒悖"现象的论述,充分反映出《内经》对这个问题的独特认识。对酒性、酒气走行路线及其影响的分析证明,酒对人体气和气机的扰动,是酒能暂时改变人之"勇怯"的原因。人的"勇怯",不取决于某一个或某几个脏腑,而取决于整个人体的气和气机状况,该篇所举判断"勇怯"的种种形态学指标,并不意味着除此以外的人体特征对人的"勇怯"没有影响;相反,这些特定指标实质上正是整个人体状况的代表。脱离气和气机来讨论个别脏腑形态对人精神状态(具体即"勇怯")的影响,不仅是片面的,而且会直接导致对《内经》形神理论基本立场的偏离。

This paper focuses on the physiological basis of human courage and its changes caused by alcohol recorded in Miraculous Pivot. Analysis of alcohol＇s functional mechanism attributes alcohol＇s capacity of filling a coward with provisional bravery to its influence on Qi and Qi -transformation. Furthermore, researchers should owe human courage/cowardice to no specific organ （s）, but Qi and Qi - transformation of human body, which was represented by anatomical indexes of courage/cowardice specified in Miraculous Pivot. An instance from Zhang Jiebin shows that argumentation on relation between anatomy and mentality leads to partial explanation inevitably without considering Qi and Qi -transformation.