苏州地区呼吸道感染儿童中呼吸道7种病毒的流行病学监测

Epidemiological Surveillance of Seven Kinds of the Respiratory Tract VirusAssociated Respiratory Tract Infection in Children in Suzhou

目的对2001年1月至2007年12月苏州大学附属儿童医院收治的苏州地区急性呼吸道感染儿童中呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)等7种病毒进行流行病学监测。方法用直接免疫荧光法对17715份鼻咽分泌物标本进行RSV等7种病毒抗原检测。结果(1)7年中儿童急性呼吸道感染以RSV为发病首位,7年平均年阳性检出率为23.42%。流行高峰季节在每年的11月份至次年3月份,5月份至9月份是低谷期;流感病毒(IV)平均年检出率为6.17%,以流感病毒A型(IVA)优势流行,但每年3月份流感病毒B型(IVB)检出率有所上升;副流感病毒(PIV1～3型)平均年检出率为3.84%,PIV流行呈常年性,检出率由高至低依次为PIV3、PIV1、PIV2;腺病毒(ADV)平均年检出率为1.32%,以春、夏两季相对较高。(2)RSV感染以1岁以内婴幼儿(尤为男性)多见(P﹤0.01);IV与ADV感染以3岁以上儿童多见(P﹤0.01);PIV3感染以2岁以内婴幼儿多见(P﹤0.01)。结论RSV流行具有明显的季节性,1岁以内婴幼儿是其主要感染源;IV与ADV以冬春、夏季检出率较高,偏向3岁以上儿童;PIV流行无明显季节性,各亚型检出率及年龄分布不同。

Objective To carry out epidemiological surveillance of seven kinds of the respiratory tract virus including respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） associated acute respiratory infection in children in Suzhou from January 2001 to December 2007. Methods The children with acute respiratory infection enroiled in the study were 17715. Nasopharyngeal secretions were obtained from the respiratory tract by aseptic vacuum aspiration. Direct immunofluorescence assay was carried out to detect seven kinds of virus antigens including RSV antigen. Results In the last seven years the main reason for the respiratory tract infection in children in the Suzhou area was RSV infection, and the average annual detection rate of the RSV positive was 23.42%. The respiratory tract infection were two-humped change, the peak period was from November to March of next year, and in the period from May to December it is low. The average annual detection rate of the influenza virus （IV） was 6.17%, in which the most popular type was type A influenza virus, and the detection rate of type B influenza virus ascended every March. The parainiluenza virus （PIV） infection presented an average year epidemiological feature. The annual average detection rate of the PIV 1-3 was 3.84%, and the detection rate was PIV3 over PIV1 over PIV2. The annual average detection rate of the adeno virus （ADV） was Most of the RSV infected patients were infant 0.01） while the IV and ADV infected patients 1.32%, and the high period was spring and summer. （less than lyear old） and especially in male （P〈 were 3 years old children （P〈0.01）, and the PIV3 infected patients were less than 2 years old （P〈0.01）. Conclusions RSV infection presents obvious seasonal periodicity and the infants who are less than 1 year old are the main infected patients in Suzhou area. IV and ADV infection are higher in winter, spring and summer, and the major patients are more than 3 years old. PIV infection has no obvious seasonal epidemiological feature and the detection rate of the subtype and age is different.