吸烟成瘾的分子遗传机制研究进展

Advance in molecular genetics study of tobacco dependence

吸烟与多种疾病的发生相关，如癌症、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病等，是最大的可预防的疾病危险因素。虽然很多吸烟者都有戒烟的意愿，但是戒烟成功率却很低，这主要是由于吸烟者对烟草中的尼古丁产生依赖所致。双生子及以家庭为单位的研究发现吸烟与遗传因素密切相关。吸烟成瘾的遗传学研究多集中于神经递质系统及尼古丁代谢酶系统，本文就近年来这一领域的相关研究进展进行综述。

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of numerous health problems, including cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders, making smoking the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Nicotine is primarily responsible for the highly addictive properties of cigarettes. Although the majority of smokers express a desire to quit, few are successful in doing so. Twin and family studies have indicated substantial genetic contributions to smoking behaviors. Much attention has focused on genes involved in the neurotransmitter pathways for the brain reward system and genes altering nicotine metabolism. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge for genetic factors implicated in smoking behaviors.