加工贸易分工模式及其启示

The Pattern of Processing Trade Division of Labour and its Revelation

加工贸易中当事人所依据的比较优势是各不相同的。经济、人才、技术与资本大国处于上游阶段,生产率高的企业占据研发与零部件生产环节;基础设施和法制环境较好、税收优惠、贸易成本低和经济实力强的发达国家或发展中国家处于中游阶段,劳动力成本相对较低和工人技能相对较高的加工企业占据加工装配环节;具有信息优势、专业技能优势和信誉优势的中间人占据上游或下游环节。因此,中国大陆应按照比较优势参与加工贸易活动。

Every party has different comparative advantage in processing trade. Countries which have advantage in economy, person with ability, technology and capital stand upriver stage; Enterprises which have productivity advantage stand R＆D and intermediate goods processing tache; Countries which have good infrastructure and legal system, favourable tax, lower trade cost and higher GDP stand middle stage ; Processing enterprises which have lower labor cost and higher skill worker stand processing assemble stage ; Middleman which has information, specialty skill and credit advantage stands upriver or downriver stage. So China mainland should participate in processing trade activity based on her comparative advantage.