绵阳农村居民霍乱防治知识及卫生行为调查

Analysis on Knowledge of Cholera Prevention and Health Behavior in Rural Population

目的了解农村地区乡村医生和村民的霍乱防治知晓情况;调查乡村厨师与村民的卫生意识与行为,调查乡村厨师食品卫生知晓情况,为食源性霍乱防控对策的制订提供依据。方法对乡村医生、乡村厨师和村民进行问卷调查。结果乡村医生对霍乱典型临床表现和治疗原则回答正确率在90%以上,补液回答正确率达100%;疫情报告时限回答正确率仅为43.11%,流行季节、潜伏期回答正确率不足60%。参加过培训的乡村厨师食品卫生回答正确率为90.67%,未接受培训乡村厨师的正确率为79.00%,经过培训的乡村厨师的食品卫生意识高于未接受培训者(2=10.51,P<0.01)。村民对霍乱防治知识、主要症状及自我预防回答正确率均未超过80%,传播途径回答正确率为65%;饭前便后洗手的占42.31%,从不喝生水的村民占55.77%。结论乡村医生对霍乱防治知识掌握不足,霍乱流行病学知识薄弱;农村群众霍乱等肠道传染病防治知识掌握不足,对家宴的食品卫生重视不够;接受过食品卫生与霍乱防治知识培训的乡村厨师的卫生意识高于未接受培训者较低。

Objective To understand the knowledge of cholera prevention among rural doctors and villagers in rural areas, to investigate health awareness and behavior of the rural cooks and villagers when they made banquet food, so as to provide the basis for the countermeasures of food-borne cholera. Methods Questionnaire survey was carried out among the rural doctors and cooks. Results Though the rate of knowing fluid infusion was 100% , the accuracy of rural doctors in the knowledge of typical cholera clinical manifestations and treatment mincipal was more than 90% , meanwhile, knowing epidemic season as well as latency was no more than 60% , knowing epidemic situation reporting time was just 43.11%. The accuracy rate of trained rural chef about food hygiene was 90. 67%, but those untrained chef was 79.00%. Obviously, trained rural chef were more concerned about food hygiene than those untrained chef（P 〈 0.01 ）. Villagers had insufficient knowledge of intestinal infectious diseases such as cholera. Only 65% of them was aware of transmission route, no more than 60% of them pay attention to health habits. Conclusion The knowledge training of intestinal infectious diseases prevention such as cholera should be further strengthened among the grassroots medical personnels. It is important to work out plans to publicize the prevention knowledge of intestinal infectious diseases such as cholera in various forms. The guidance towards food sanitation should also be strengthened as well as management.