多功能根茎类作物联合收获机设计与试验

Design and Experiment on Multifunctional Root-tuber Crops Combine

简述了多功能根茎类作物联合收获机的整体结构配置、工作过程、技术特点以及关键部件结构设计等。整机主要由动力底盘、扶禾装置、挖掘装置、清土装置、夹持输送装置、摘果装置、清选系统和集果系统等组成。摘果装置采用可互换的滚筒式分离机构和圆盘割刀式分离机构,可用于花生、大蒜、洋葱等多种根茎类作物的联合收获,实现一机多用。花生、大蒜试验结果表明:花生果实损失率2.3%,埋果率0.3%,摘果破损率0.45%,果实清洁度99%,漏摘损失率0.4%,整机可靠性系数96.2%;大蒜果实损失率3.0%,漏收损失率0.5%,果实碰伤率1.5%。

A type of multifunctional combine was designed for the harvesting of root-tuber crops. The overall structural configuration, operating process, technical characteristics, and the structure design of key components were dissertated respectively. The combine was composed by the components including power chassis, stalk guiding device, digging device, stalk clamping and conveying device, fruit picking device, cleaning system, fruit collecting system etc. In order to harvest different kinds of root-tuber crops （peanut, garlic, onion etc. ）, two exchangeable fruit picking parts （picking roller and wheel cutter device） were employed on the combine. The tested indexes for peanut and garlic were listed as follows, percent of peanut loss 2.3 %, percent of embedded peanuts 0.3 %, percent of broken peanuts 0.45%, peanut purity 99%, reliability coefficient 96.2%; percent of lost garlic 3.0 %, percent of un-harvested garlic 0. 50 %, percent of broken garlic 1.5 %.