形象、意象或象,一个仍未解决的理论难题——30年文学象论问题回溯

Image,Imagery,or xiang,a Theoretical Problem Unsolved——A recall of literary image of the past thirty years

形象作为文论中的核心范畴概念,在中国现代文论发展过程中经历了深刻的由中而西的改造过程。在新时期文学初期,出于对文革及此前文学过度意识形态化的反拨,文学形象论重新得到重视。现代文学理论的"形象"论,由于过分强调"对社会生活的反映",将文学艺术狭隘地界定在对于外部事物的形状的模仿性表现或刻画上,始终没有脱离对事物可感可知性的依赖。最终使得这一曾经十分重要理论术语的式微,进而为"意象"取代。同时,新时期文学专注于观念更新,在文学观念的转型过程中,未能对新旧理论进行深入细致的梳理,也带来了许多理论的疏漏。

Image, as a key categorical concept in literary theory, has gone through a profound Chinese-to--west reform in the development of Chinese modern hterary theory. Early in the new literature period, out of the reverse of over-ideologicalized Cultural Revolution and Pro Cultural Revolution hterature, literary image starts to carry weight again. The formal theory of the modern literature lays so much emphasis on social reflection, and defines literature as a presentation or description of external forms so narrowly that it fails to be independent from the object＇s perceptibility. Finally, it results in the dechne of this important term and is replaced by imagery. Meanwhile, the New-Period literature concentrates on concept renewal, but fails to examine new and old theories in the transformation of literature views, and brings about many theoretical defects.