苦楝不同部位挥发油成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Volatile Oil from Different Parts of Melia azedarach L.by GC-MS

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对苦楝的叶、树皮和果皮的挥发油进行提取,用气相色谱—质谱联用技术对挥发性成分进行分析,共鉴定了70个化合物。组成成分分析结果表明,苦楝叶以倍半萜类化合物Elixene(22.53%)、石竹烯(10.75%)和醇类化合物叶绿醇(10.27%)、斯巴醇(5.73%)等为主;苦楝树皮中以饱和烷烃3,8-二甲基十一烷(9.25%)、4,6-二甲基十二烷(9.13%)、十七烷(6.88%)和3-乙基-3-甲基庚烷(5.94%)等为主;果皮中以棕榈酸(27.65%)、己酸(6.94%)、油酸甲酯(5.47%)、肉豆蔻酸(5.00%)和醇类化合物3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六烷醇(11.28%)、叶绿醇(4.78%)等为主。这一结果说明苦楝不同部位的挥发性成分相差较大,在综合开发利用苦楝时应分部位加以提取利用。

The volatile oil was extracted from different parts （leaf, cortex, pericarp） of Melia azedarach L. by steam distillation. Seventy volatile components were detected and analyzed by GC-MS method in the there volatile oil. Thirty-two, twenty-one and thirty-five volatile components in leaf,cortex and pericarp of Melia azedarach L. were detected and identified, respectively. Elixene （22.53 % ）, caryophyllene （ 10.75 % ）, phytol （ 10.27 % ） and spathnlenol （5.73 % ） were mainly volatile components in leaves of Melia azedarach L. The volatile components in cortexs were mainly included 3,8-dimethyl-undecane（ 9. 25% ）, 4,6-dimethyl-dodecane （ 9. 13% ）, heptadecane （ 6. 88% ）, 3-ethyl-3-methyl-decane （5.94%）, et al. But the volatile components in pericarps were mainly included hexadecanoic acid （ 6.94% ）, （Z） -9- octadecenoic acid methyl ester （5.47%） ,myristic acid （5.00%） ,3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol （ 11.28% ） and phytol （4.78%）. The results showed the volatile components were obvious diversity in leaf,cortex,pericarp of Melia azedarach L. , and it was a good way that the Melia azedarach L. were distilled and utilized by different parts.