基于数控系统的车刀刀尖补偿半径逆向测量

Reverse Measurement of Tool Nose Compensation Radius Based on Computer Numerical Control System

精车兵器零件的锥面、曲面时,需要向数控系统提供刀尖半径值以实现精确补偿。为提高所测量的刀尖半径值精度,提出应综合考虑刀具的实际形态、刀具与工件接触状态以及加工中刀具磨损等情况,用刀尖补偿需求半径来表达切削过程中应给予数控系统的刀尖半径值。刀尖补偿需求半径值无法通过直接测量获取,研究了一种由加工结果反求刀尖半径的逆向测量法,在测量刀尖半径值时利用数控车削系统运行中固有的特点,通过加工一个倒角或圆锥面,量取工件尺寸,计算得到车刀刀尖半径值。该测量法排除了刀尖形状是否规范的干扰,测出的刀尖半径能够真实反映刀具切削时的实际切削状态,比传统测量方法更精确,且操作简便。这种测量方法的特点在于能够在机进行。

For the fine turning of conical and curved surfaces of weapon workpieces, a radius value of tool nose needs to be input into a computer numerical control （CNC） system to realize an accurate compensation. For the improved accuracy of tool nose radius value, it was presented that a necessary compensating radius value of tool nose was used to express a tool-nose radius which was input into CNC system by taking the geometric shape and size of tool nose, the contact condition between tool and workpiece, the tool wear into synthetic account. Since the necessary compensating radius value of tool nose can not be directly measured, a reverse measuring method was proposed. The method is to calculate a value of tool nose radius from the measured dimensions of workpiece after a chamfer or circular conical surface is turned. It gets rid of figure restriction of tool nose, and particularly can be used on line. Three types of inserts with different tool nose radii were used in experiment. The experimental tests show that the measuring method has a high accuracy and reliability for radius compensation, and can effectively enhance the turning efficency.