动物模型在肺部真菌病研究中的应用

Application of Animal Models in Research of Pulmonary Mycosis

真菌病成为日益严重的临床问题,深部真菌感染尤其是肺部真菌感染呈持续增多趋势。肺部真菌病往往发生于免疫低下或有基础疾病的患者,其具体发病机制尚不完全清楚。动物模型不仅为真菌病病因学研究提供有效的途径,还能在抗真菌药物、免疫调节剂及可能的疫苗的研究中提供多方面的帮助。动物实验中所观察到的病理改变可能对发病机理的探索有所帮助。实验动物研究有助于我们明晰各种参数的作用机理,比如抗原、暴露途径、基因背景即反应修饰在发病中的作用,进一步的,通过基因缺失或插入或结合,我们有可能了解某种特定的细胞、受体、介质在发病过程中的机理,其结果可能应用到人类疾病上。

Mycoses often happen under certain conditions. However, along with the recent increase of various inducing factors, deep and disseminated fungal infections have also increased day by day. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fungal diseases is not fully understood until now. Both common and distinct pathological features occurring in natural and experimental diseases are of great interest as they may serve to identify the key elements in the pathogenesis. Experimentally induced mycosis can be used as a model to understand various parameters such as antigen and route of exposure, genetic background and the role of response modifiers in the disease process. Furthermore, animals with targeted gene deletion or with insertion of transgenes can be studied and the roles of specific cells, receptors and mediators in the pathogenesis can be more precisely defined. The resulting conclusions can be used to formulate new hypothesis and explore their application in the treatment for human diseases.