家猪脑动静脉畸形的模型建立及其研究

Establishment and Characterization of a Domestic Pig Model of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation

目的以家猪为实验对象，通过显微外科手术血管吻合的方法建立一种新型、经济、简单的脑动静脉畸形（AVM）模型及对其相关方面进行研究。方法选用健康家猪8头，3～4个月，30～45k，雌雄不限。行显微手术建立AVM模型。手术前3d随机2例行颈总动脉造影为对照组。分别于手术后3d、1周及1个月时行手术对侧颈总动脉血管造影。观察模型建立是否成功。结果（1）8头家猪手术后全部存活，无切口感染现象。无肢体偏瘫现象。（2）对照组行双侧颈总动脉造影，均仅能看到造影侧单侧颅底微血管网（RM）。实验组在手术后3d、1周及1个月时行手术对侧颈总动脉（CCA）造影，均可见血流经手术对侧咽升动脉（AP）到双侧RM，并引流人手术侧颌内动脉（1MA）和（或）咽升动脉，并经过吻合口逆流颈内静脉（LIV）。结论应用家猪通过显微外科手术端-端吻合同侧颈总动脉及颈内静脉的方法建立AVM模型是一种经济易得、操作简单、重复性强的实验方法。

Objective To establish a new domestic pig model of brain arteriovenous malformation （AVM） by microsurgical vascular anastomosis. Method Eight healthy domestic pigs were used in this study. The pigs were 4 to 6 months old, weighed 30 to 45 kg, and were of either sex. The experimental group： The eight animals were numbered as No. 1 - 8 and used to establish the cerebral arteriovenous malformation model by microsurgery. The control group ： angiography of one side of the commom carotil artery （CCA） was performed in 2 pigs at 3 days before the surgery. Results 1. All the eight pigs survived after the surgery, without infection and hemiparalysis. 2. The control group： Blood flow was shunted merely through the half rete mirabile （RM） on each-side of the CCA radiography. The experimental group： The eight pigs showed minimal collateral blood flow around the RM at 3 days, 1 week and 1 month after anastomosis. Blood flow was shunted through the RM, retrograde to the internal maxillary artery （IMA）, or （and） retrograde to the right ascending pharyngeal artery （AP）, and traveled through the anastomosis, emptying into the internal jugular vein （UV）. Conclusion A new model of cerebral arteriovenous malformation in domestic pigs has been successfully established by microsurgical end-to-end anastomosis of the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein.. It is a relatively simple, convenient to perform, reproducible and inexpensive method, and is worthy of application in experimental studies of subacute arteriovenous malformation, efficacy of embolotherapeutic management, hemodynamic research, etc.