大垄深翻耕作对土壤水温条件的影响

Effects of Big Ridge Subsoiling Cultivation on Condition of Moisture and Temperature in Soil

[目的]为改进黑龙江省马铃薯的栽培模式提供理论依据。[方法]以马铃薯品种RussetBmbank为材料，设2种栽培模式：大垄栽培区（耕深35cm）和小垄栽培区（耕深20cm），研究不同栽培模式下土壤物理性状的差异。[结果]大垄栽培模式下20-30cm耕层土壤含水量显著增加，而20和25cm耕层的土壤温度显著降低，分别为18＋24和17．70℃，与马铃薯最适生长温度（18℃）十分接近。大垄栽培模式下土壤含水量和土壤温度受环境影响小，6月30日以后，20cm耕层土壤含水量和土壤温度比较稳定，一直处于低温高含水量的环境中，有利于马铃薯块茎膨大和成熟。[结论]采用大垄深翻耕作方法能有效改善土壤水温条件，提高马铃薯的产量和品质。

[ Objective] The study aimed to provide the theoretical basis for improving the cultivation patterns of potato in Heilongjiang Province. [ Method] With potato variety Russet Burbank as tested material, 2 cultivation patterns of big ridge cultivation plot with tillage layer depth of 35 cm and small ridge cultivation plot with tillage layer depth of 35 cm were set up to study the difference of soil physical properties in different cultivation patterns. [ Result] The soil water content in tillage layer depth of 20 -30 cm in big ridge cultivation pattern was increased significantly, and the soil temperature in tillage layer depth of 20 and 25 cm was decreased significantly, being 18.24 ℃ and 17.70 ℃ resp. , which were very similar to the optimum growth temperature of potato（ 18 ℃ ）. The effect of enviromnent on soil water content and soil temperature was small in big ridge cultivation pattern, the soil water content and soil temperature in depth of 20 cm were more stable and they were always in the environment of lower temperature and higher water content after June 30, which was beneficial to the expansion and mature of potato tubers. [ Conclusion] The moisture and temperature condition of soil could be improved effectively and the yield and quality of potato could be increased when the method of big ridge subsoiling cultivation was taken.