基于GIS的合肥市近50年来城市景观格局演变研究

Changes of Landscape Pattern Evolvement in Hefei City Based on GIS in Recent 50 Years

选取合肥市城区为研究对象，以1978、1985、1991、1994、2000、2005年6个不同时期的航片及同期城市规划图为信息源，在GIS系统下根据解译结果绘制不同时期的城市景观格局图，并建立数字库。在该基础上，选用边界密度、景观形状指数、多样性指数、分维数和均衡度等景观指数对城市景观整体格局进行分析，研究合肥市城区景观格局演变特征。结果表明，1978～2005年，合肥城市布局由“三叶草形”逐步演变为“桑叶形”；景观均衡度和多样性在1991年以前较高，而1991年后下降，用地结构较合肥市发展前期不合理；直至21世纪初趋于稳定；各类型边界密度逐年上涨，绿地边界密度较小；平均分维数呈平稳过渡状态；各类型的形状指数基本呈增长趋势，其中交通用地增长幅度最大。

Taking the urban Hefei as the research object, Large-scale aerial photographs of six different times （1978, 1985, 1991, 1994, 2000 and 2005） were used as information source. Landscape maps were made by GIS software, and a related database was set up. Based on the database, the landscape pattern characteristics were analyzed including boundary density, diversity index and evenness index. Result showed that, from 1978 to 2005, the pattern shape of Hefei City changed from ＂trefoil＂ to ＂ mulberry leave＂ gradually, the landscape evenness of Hefei before 1991 was higher, which showed that the land use was reasonable; while from 1997 to the early 21st century, the evenness declined, which showed that the land use were unreasonable; up to the early 21st century, the change tended towards stability. The edge density of each type increased year by year, with greenbelt edge being smaller. The change of even Fd was stable, the shape indices inscreased, and the LSI of transport land use increased greatly.