2008年贵州持续凝冻对油菜的影响

The Influence of Continued Congelation on Rape in Guizhou in 2008

[目的]为选育抗冻性强的优质油菜品种提供理论依据。[方法]田间调查白菜型、芥菜型、甘蓝型等3种类型油菜的冻害情况,并通过醋酸洋红染色法,分别对3种油菜冻害后的花粉活力作了研究。[结果]白菜型油菜和芥菜型油菜都是三级冻害的植株最多,冻害率分别达到41.6%和35.0%,但白菜型油菜四级冻害植株率大于芥菜型油菜。甘蓝型油菜以二级冻害植株为主,冻害率达到41.3%。甘蓝型花粉中具有活力的花粉数最高,81%的花粉具有活力;芥菜型次之,有活力花粉数为78%;白菜型最低,有活力花粉数为61%。[结论]3种类型油菜的抗冻性表现为甘蓝型>芥菜型>白菜型。

[Objective] The study aimed to provide a theoretical base for breeding high quality rape with stronger freezing resistance. [Method] Freezing injury situation of 3 kinds of rapes （ Brassica Napus L, B. juncea, B. campestrics L） were investigated in field. After freezing injury, their pollen viabilitles were studied through aceto carmine dyeing. [Result] The 3rd grade frozen plants of B. campestrics L and B. juncea were most, being 41.6% and 35% resp.. But the 4th grade frozen plants of B. campestrics L were bigger than that of B. juncea. The 2nd grade plants of Brassica Napus L were most and its frozen rate reached 41.3%. The pollen viability of B. campestncs was highest and 81% had pollen v/ability, that of B. juncea was secondary and 78% had viability and that of B. campestrics L was lowest （61% ）. [ Conclusion] The freezing resistance of 3 rapes in order was B. Napus L 〉 B. juncea 〉 B. campestrics L.