论《尚书》诰体的文化背景

The Cultural Background of the Gao Style in Shangshu

《尚书》六体皆与宗教仪式有关。"诰"并非仅仅产生于册命仪式,它实际上是各类宗庙祭仪中主祭者假祖先之名义而发的训诫辞。周初主祭者具有神性身份,诰辞中的"王若曰"就是其具有神性特征的标志;而"小子"是宗庙祭仪中特有的称谓,也能说明主祭者处于祖神代言人的地位。周公是西周初期的宗教领袖,他凭借神性身份摄政称王,并利用宗教的形式进行政治文化变革,即神道设教。"诰"即周公在宗庙仪式中以祖先之名阐发礼乐政治思想而保存下来的文本。

The six text styles in Shangshu are all concerned with religious ceremony. In fact, the Gao text is an admonition by the main wizard in the name of ancestors in all kinds of religious ceremonies, and was not merely produced from appointment ceremony. In the early days of Zhou, the main wizard is holy. ＂Wang Ruo Yue＂ in the Gao statement is the sign of holiness. HXiao Zi＂ is a special appellation in religious ceremony, which could also indicate that the main wizard is spokesman of the ancestry God. As religious leader of the West Zhou, Zhou Gong in a holy status acts as regent, and carries out numerous political and cultural reforms in religious forms, which is called ＂Admonition by Religion＂. Gao is the preserved text that Zhou Gong elucidates his ritual and political thoughts in religious ceremony.