中国能源消费的部门结构变化及产业结构演进的政策选择

Sectoral structure change in energy consumption and policy selection of industrial structure evolution in China

能源消费的部门结构变化决定整个国家现代能源消费的基本走向。在过去50多年的现代化进程中,中国一次能源消费的部门结构越来越集中于能源工业部门,而工农业生产和公共服务与生活两大部门对二次能源产生越来越大的依赖性。重化工业的高速发展和城市(镇)化进程的加快将成为推动未来中国社会经济发展和能源消费增长的两大引擎。华东、华北、华南和东北4个大区未来节能潜力的发挥将直接决定全国能源节约的基本走向。强调管理体制的现代化改革,以确保产业结构演进的节能效应发挥应成为未来国家能源节约战略的一项最基本的任务。为此建议:积极推进管理体制改革,逐步建立相对公平和具有良好竞争秩序的社会资源分配和利用体系;降低门槛,积极扶植第三产业发展;不断加大产品结构调整力度,改进各类产品的能源全程节约效率;调整布局,努力发展部门集约化生产;大力倡导公共服务和生活的适度消费,最大限度地提高社会消费节能效应;提高统计数据的真实性。

Sectoral structure change in energy consumption directly decides overall fundamental trend of national modern energy consumption. In modernization process of the past half century, sectoral structure of primary energy consumption in China had been gradually centralized to energy industrial sector. Two other major sectors, industrial and agricultural production, and public service and living, posed greater dependence on secondary energy. In addition, rapid development of heavy chemical industry and accelerated urbanization were regarded as two engines to boost future Chinese social and economic development and energy consumption growth. Contributions of future energy-saving potentials in four regions, including East China, North China, South China and Northeast China, will directly determine basic trend of national energy saving. Enhancing modern reforms of management system to guarantee implementation of energy saving effects of industrial structure evolution should be conducted as one of the most fundamental tasks of future national energy saving strategies. This paper proposes to positively push management system reform forward, gradually establish the social resource distribution and utilization system featuring relative equality and favorable competition orders, lower threshold and positively support development of the tertiary industry, continuously strengthen product structure adjustment and improve all- around energy-saving efficiency of various products, adjust layout and make great efforts to develop department-based intensive production, effectively call for moderate consumption of public service and living, maximize energysaving effect of social consumption and enhance authenticity ofs tatisticald ata.