延迟强化条件下不同时相海洛因戒除者的行为冲动性

IMPULSIVITY IN HEROIN ABSTAINERS DURING DIFFERENT ABSTINENCE PHASES IN DELAYED REINFORCEMENT SITUATIONS

目的:探讨延迟强化情境中海洛因戒除者的冲动性行为模式及其与戒除时相的关系。方法:采用以假设的1000元和10000元人民币为强化物的延迟折扣任务(DDT)在8种延迟强化时间点(SOA,6h-25a)上评定了77名男性(19-38a,29.68a±s4.25a)生理脱毒后处于不同康复阶段(1-29月,11.81±s17.35月)的海洛因戒除者和35名男性(18-39a,29.94a±s5.46a)无毒品依赖行为的社会招募人员的延迟折扣率。结果:(1)双曲线模型对被试的折扣率(k)的方差变异解释率(R2)在0.90-0.93之间,具有良好的拟合度;(2)戒除组被试对1000元和10000元延迟强化的k值均显著高于对照组,U1000元=581.500,P<0.001,U10000元=232.500,P<0.001;(3)不同戒除时相被试对两种延迟强化物的k值差异均无显著性,χ12000元=0.586,df=2,P>0.10,χ120000元=1.281,df=2,P>0.10。结论:海洛因戒除者表现出对即时奖赏的超敏感性及对延迟价值的非敏感性特征,且该特征不随戒除期的延长而改善。

Objective：To explore the impulsive reaction patterns and the relation with the abstinence phases in heroin abstainers in delayed reinforcement situations. Methods：77 male heroin abstainers（19 -38 years o1（1,29.68 a±s 4.25 a）during different abstinence phases （1 -29 months,11. 81 ±s 17.35 months） and 35 normal male controls （ 18 - 39 years old, 29. 94 a ± s 5.46 a） were selected to administer a Chinese computerized version of the Delay Discounting Task （ DDT ） , in which delayed rewards were ￥ 1000 and ￥ 10 000 in value, and the immediate - reward amount was adjusted until choices reflected indifference. This process was repeated at each of eight delays （ 6 hours to 25 years）. Results ： （ 1 ） Hyperbolic discounting function provided a good fit for the subjects discounting data of both delayed reinforcement conditions,and median R^2were from 0. 90 to 0. 93 for ￥ 1000 and ￥ 10 000. （2）The delay discounting rates （k）of heroin abstainers were much higher than those of the normal controls, U￥1000 = 581.500,P 〈 0. 001, U￥10000 = 232. 500, P 〈 0. 001. （3） The k based on the DDT in heroin abstainers did not improve along with the abstinence time course, Χ￥1000^2=0. 586 ,df=2 ,P 〉0. 10, Χ￥10000 ^2= 1.281, df= 2, P 〉 situations in insensitivity 0. 10. Conclusion： The impairment heroin abstainers was characterized to delayed value ,which leads to the of decision making function in delayed reinforcement as their hyposensitivity to immediate reward and their quick decay of longtime value, and will not improve along with the abstinence time course.