公共场所从业人员乙型肝炎病毒感染及知识 态度 行为调查

Investigation on Hepatitis B Related to KAP and HBV Infection among the Public Service Places

目的了解琼海市美容美发类公共场所从业人员乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)相关知识、态度、行为(Knowledge-Attitude-Practice,KAP),以及乙肝病毒(Hepatitis B Virus,HBV)感染现状,为制定控制策略提供依据。方法分层整群随机抽取不同级别公共场所从业人员134人,采用问卷调查的方式进行乙肝防治KAP调查,采血检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)。结果公共场所从业人员对乙肝防治知识认知水平较低,乙肝疫苗(Hepatitis B Vac-cine,HepB)接种率较低,HBsAg阳性率为11.9%;中、小型公共场所从业人员HBV感染情况较大型公共场所从业人员严重(χ2=6.171,P<0.05);将饮食列为HBV主要传播途径的占82.1%,认为蚊虫可以传播HBV的占21.6%;经血液、医疗活动、性接触等方式传播的知晓率分别占35.8%、11.2%、23.1%;认为乙肝的危害是严重的占86.6%,认为乙肝能引起肝硬化或肝癌的占62.7%,且55.2%的人认为乙肝可以治愈;接种过HepB的从业人员对HepB的认知水平较未接种者高;从业时间≤1年者HBsAg阳性率比>1年者高(χ2=4.8,P<0.05)。结论应加强公共场所,特别是中、小型公共场所的管理,和对从业人员的健康教育,提高对乙肝的认知水平和HepB接种率。

Objective To investigate the Hepatitis B related knowledge, attitude, practice and HBV infection among the public service places and to provide evidence for Heptitis B control strategy. Methods 134 staff from different public service places were sampled with cluster sampling method and investigated by questionnaire. HBsAg were detected as well. Results Among the practitioners, the KAP on hepatitis B control and prevention and the coverage of HepB were very low. The HBsAg positive rate was 11.9%. The positive rate of HBsAg was higher in the practitioners who worked in the middle and small scales public places than those worked in the large scales public places, there was significant difference （X^2 = 6. 171, P 〈 0.05）. Practioners thought that HBV spread through blood, medical treatment and sexual activities were 35.8%, 11.2%,23.1% respectively. 82. 1% practioners thought that HBV was spread through food; 21.6% practioncrs thought that HBV was spread through mosquito. 86.6 % practitioners thought that the HBV was harmful; 55.2% practitioners considered that the Heptitis B could be cured. The positive rate of HBsAg among the practitioners worked ≤1 year old was higher than those worked 〉1 years,there was significant difference（x^2 =x^2 =4. 8,P〈0.05）. Conclusion It is important to strengthen the management about the public service places and vaccinate HepB vaccine for the practitioners. It is suggested to improve the awareness about Hepatitis B control and prevention through carrying out health education in public.