强脉冲电场测量技术研究

Study of measurement techniques for strong pulsed electric field

强脉冲电场测量技术在强流加速器系统电磁兼容设计、核电磁脉冲(NEMP)测量、雷电电磁脉冲(LEMP)效应研究以及高压输电线、大功率开关的电磁辐射测量中起着关键的作用,测量结果的有效性直接影响到理论研究和系统设计的正确性。本文系统地回顾了强脉冲电场测量技术的发展,对有源电光调制法和基于Pockels效应的无源电光调制法两种常用方法进行了详细的分析比较,说明测量系统的研究正朝着提高稳定性、探头微小化、探头无源化、提高带宽、提升灵敏度、后端信号处理便捷、系统维护方便、容易实施标准化测量等方向发展;文章还对测量实践中的屏蔽、信号区分以及获取特征量等具体方法和技巧作了研究,为强脉冲电场的准确测量打下基础。

Measurement techniques for strong pulsed electric field play key roles in electromagnetic com- patibility design of high-intensity accelerator system, measurement of nuclear electromagnetic pulse （NEMP）, study of lightning electromagnetic pulse （LEMP） effect and electromagnetic radiation measurement in high voltage power lines and high-power switch. The validity of measurement result will influence the correcmess of theoretical research and system design directly. This article reviews the development of measurement techniques for strong pulsed electric field systematically, two of which used commonly, namely active dectro-optic sensor and passive dectro-optic sensor based on Pockels effect, are analyzed and compared in detail. It is proposed that development of the measurement systems should aim at the following aspects, such as improving stability, minimizing probes, adopting passive sensors, increasing sensitivity, making signal processing, maintenance and usage more convenient, actualizing standard tests easily, etc. Moreover, detailed measurement skills are studied, such as shielding, signal partition,feature extraction and so on, which contributes to the precise measurement in real circumstance.