黑龙江省近35年气候变化对粳稻发育期及产量的影响

Impacts of Climate Change over Last 35 Years on Rice Growing Period and Yield in Heilongjiang Province

利用黑龙江省水稻主产区的38个气象观测站1971-2005年的气象数据,以温度、降水量、日照时数作为主要因子,重点分析了黑龙江省西部稻区、中南部稻区、南部稻区的平均温度、降水量、日照时数的时空分布、年际变化和年代际变化。结果表明:随着气候变暖,黑龙江省水稻主产区在过去的35 a中生长季平均气温升高了0.9℃,平均每10 a升高0.225℃;生长季降水量年代际间波动较大,20世纪70年代-90年代年降水量增加,至本世纪初减少;生长季日照时数呈现出20世纪80年代减少、90年代增加、而本世纪初又下降的规律。气候变化使水稻除抽穗期和成熟期外,其它各生育期基本随年代的增加而提前。相关分析显示,影响黑龙江省水稻产量丰歉的主要因子是气温。

BaSed on the meteorological data of 38 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2005 in the main rice production areas of Heilongjiang Province, taken the temperature, precipitation and sunshine as the main meteorological factors, the spatial and temporal, annual and inter-decade changes of the average temperature, precipitation and sunshine in the west, the south and the middle-south rice areas of Heilongjiang Province were analyzed. The results showed that the average temperature increased by 0. 9℃ in growth period of rice over last 35 years due to the global warming. The rate of the temperature increase was by 0. 3℃ per decade. The annual change of the precipitation widely fluctuated. The precipitation increased from 1970s to 1990s, while it decreased until the beginning of the 21 century. The sunshine duration during the growing period of the rice decreased in 1980s, increased in 1990s and decreased since the beginning of the 21 century. Due to the global warming, all growing periods of rice except for the heading and maturity period had been advanced with the time lapse. The temperature was a main meteorological factor which influenced on a bumper crop of rice or rice failed in Heilongjlang Province.