基于元胞自动机的交通流计算机模拟

Traffic Flow Simulation by Computer Based on Cellular Automation

元胞自动机是把复杂系统量化为简单的个体,在元胞自动机模型中,空间、时间都被离散化,每一个相互作用的单元仅为有限的状态。以元胞自动机理论为基础,把车辆在路段上交通流中运动的变化规律表述为元胞自动机的演化规则,建立了基于元胞自动机理论的交通流模拟模型,标定了元胞长度和最大速度等参数,分析了元胞变换的原则;详细探讨了元胞自动机在道路交通模拟中的应用,设计出了交通元胞自动机的结构,分析了交通元胞自动机所采取的状态变换原则,建立了一维(单车道)交通流模拟模型;并利用C语言编程实现模拟。模拟结果符合实际交通流的特点。

Cellular automata models quantize complex behavior into simple individual components. In general, CA are idealization of physical systems in which both space and time are assumed to be discrete and each of the interacting units can have only a finite number of discrete states. Based on the cellular automata theory, this paper describes the moving character of vehicles in traffic flow as changing rules of cellular automation, thus traffic flow simulation models based on cellular automation are presented. After calibrating the basic parameters such as cellular length, maximum speed and so on, this paper first discusses and establishes the traffic cellular automation on traffic simulation; secondly analyzes the updating rule and establishes a traffic simulation model for single lane; thirdly, a computer simulation system is fulfilled with all cellular automation models in C language. The simulating result accords to real traffic flow.