广西一个典型矿业镇环境中重金属污染分析

Situation of Heavymetal Contamination in a Typical Mining Town of Guangxi,South China

广西河池市是我国重要的有色金属基地。以该市一个典型的矿业镇作为研究对象,采集了该镇周围23个旱地土壤样品,并在镇里布设两个大气采样点采集了可吸入颗粒物(PM10)样品,运用ICP-MS,分析了样品中20种金属元素的含量,采用地积指数法判定旱地土壤和可吸入颗粒物中污染元素及来源。结果表明,这些与人们生活密切的环境介质(旱地土,可吸入颗粒物)均受到了多种重金属元素的复合污染,其共同的污染元素有Cd、As、Sb、Pb、Zn、Cu,而其中致癌元素Cd和As污染最为突出。大气可吸入颗粒物与旱地土壤中各污染元素的污染强度排序相同,均为Cd>As>Sb>Pb>Zn>Cu。经过现场调查和识别,污染源主要来自当地开放性运矿产生的扬尘所致。因此加强该地区矿石运输管理是保护该地区耕地和人群健康的需要。

Guangxi Hechi city is an important nonferrous metal base of China, A total of 23 framland samples, and 2 PM10 samples on two spots of the town were collected at a typical mining town - Dachang Town, 20 elements were analyzed by ICP - MS. The results showed that any media of above（dry land soil, PM10 ） was enfronted with contamination of several heawmetal elements simultaneously. The common contaminated elements were： Cd, As,Sb, Pb,Zn, Cu, Morever, Cd and As were the most serious which implied that they would be most likely to cause human cancer disease, MUller Geo - accumulation Index was used to judge the contaminated elements in dry land soil and PM10~ The results showed the same rank of the contaminated elements in strength ： Cd 〉 As 〉 Sb 〉 Pb 〉 Zn 〉 Cu, which would imply that they have the same source of the contamination,The opening transportation of the mining stone was indentified as the main source on spot, Therefore measures how to manage the mining transportation should be taken to protect the farmland and the health of the residents.