汉语复合词的论元结构

On the Argument Structure of Chinese Compounds

汉语复合词主谓式属于"少数派",以施事为主语的复合词在汉语是不存在的,主谓式复合词的主语基本上属于客体。既然汉语复合词没有轻动词,也就没有施事。客体跟轻动词没有关系,即使复合词缺乏轻动词。也没有影响到客体的出现。汉语词法的所谓主谓式复合词在形式上都应该分析为偏正式。"偏"在词法上属于附接语。究竟偏正式复合词应该理解为主谓关系还是修饰关系,主要是一个功能的问题,而不是形式的问题。

It is observed that ‘NV＇ compounds are relatively rare in Chinese. No examples of ‘NV’ compounds in which ‘N’ is interpreted as Agent can be found and ‘N’ is normally interpre- ted as Theme. The nonexistence of agentive ‘N’ in the ‘NV’ compounds is due to the lack of the light verb in their argument structure. It is further argued that ‘N’ in the ‘NV’ compounds is ana- lyzed as a modifier, which is an adjunct morphologically. Whether the adjunct should be interpreted as the modifier or the ＇ subject＇ is subject to functional considerations, not syntactic considerations.