汉语受事前置句结构的演变及对比研究

The Historical Evovlvement and a Comparative Study of Patient-Initial Patterns between Archaic and Mordern

受事前置句是古今汉语里都普遍使用的句式,根据施事是否出现分为带施句和无施句两种形式。本文在古今口语体文献的定量对比分析的基础上,揭示它们在优势句型以及受事、施事和谓语的结构构成方面的种种异同。指出其中的一些变化与汉语句法的历史演变进程相关,结构的变迁也带来古今受事前置句的语义功能的变化。

Patient-initial sentences are common structures through archaic Chinese and Modern Chinese. These sentences can be divided into two patterns： PAV and PV depending on the facts that phrase is present or not. Based on the survey on the Chinese oral literatures, this paper will give a quantitive description on the dominate patterns and the configurations of patient, agent and predicate between archaic Chinese and Modern Chinese. We argue that some structural changes involved in the evolvement of Chinese syntax and further more resulted in the changes of semantic functions of these structures.