日本与其他发达国家政党政治之比较

A Comparison of Political Parties and Politics between Japan and Other Developed Countries

当代西方发达国家的政党政治都是其本国政治、经济长期发展的产物,而日本是在二战以后,在美国占领时期短时间内完成的民主政治体制,因而它与西方政党政治相比,有很大的不同:首先,日本的政党制度不同于两党制和多党制,政府由不同的政党或政党联盟轮流执政,日本能够在完全竞争的多党制条件下,自民党以优势地位执政长达38年之久;其次,日本的政党组织结构与西方国家不同,日本政党内部派阀林立且活动持久;第三,日本政党与政府的关系不同于西方发达国家的党政分开,自民党直接参与政府运作,成为政府运作的中枢神经;第四,日本的在野党没有起到西方发达国家在野党监督、制约执政党的功能,各政党没有明确的政策主张,具有明显的不成熟性。

Political parties and politics of modern developed countries in the West are the outcome of longterm development of their politics and economy. After WWII, Japan was built its democratic and political system in a short time by the U. S. , showing a great difference from western politics and parties. Firstly, Japanese system of parties differs from two - party system and multi - party system, and its government is led by a party or an alliance of parties in turn. Liberal Democratic Party had been ruling for 38 years with its advantage, under a complete competition of multi parties. Secondly, there are many sub - parties who were full of activity. Thirdly , LDP participated in government operation, functioning as a nerve centre of operation. Fourthly, parties not in office failed to supervise and restrict its role as western parties did, and they had no clear opinion in politics and were less mature.