魏晋人物审美中的“身体”境遇

"Body" Situations in Character's Aesthetics of the Wei and Jin Dynasties

汉代人物品鉴,身体尚不具有独立的审美价值。魏晋时期,人的身体具有了独立的审美价值,但在玄学形神观的影响下,"身"成为可以超越和舍弃的有限性存在,因此在竹林文人的身体践行中,他们以"无身"超越了"有身"。在竹林士文人这一身体观的影响下,身体在魏晋的人物品藻中又逐渐消失,被虚化为明月清风等自然意象。这一美学变迁,深刻地影响了文艺,其比较突出地体现在古代的人物画中。

Character＇s assessment of the Han Dynasty had not possessed an independent value in aesthetics, but during the Wei and Jin Periods, body had acquired its aesthetical value. Under the influence of metaphysical body and spirit conception, however, ＂body＂ has become a limited existence being surpassed and ignored. Sages of bamboo grove in their practice exceeded ＂body＂ with their ＂virtual body＂. Then under their impact of such a concept, body came to lose its state in character review of the Wei and Jin Periods, degrading itself as a natural image, bright moon or fresh wind. The great change of aesthetics had a deep influence upon culture and arts, imprinting its track on ancient figure painting.