明遗民小说中的“大清”形象

Image of "Grand Qing Dynasty" in the Novels by Adherents of the Ming Dynasty

明清时事小说中的遗民小说大多存在一定的故国之思,但对于明与清(后金)的矛盾,则表现出较大的差异,有的对大清恨之入骨,有的避而不谈,有的则将大清描绘成了救世主。这主要源于遗民作家的尴尬处境,源于其内心悲哀与恐惧的双重变奏。对大清暴行的叙述,是发自内心的对故国的悲悼与对大清的痛斥,是一种实录;而对大清的避而不谈以及歌功颂德主要源于对新朝的恐惧,是作者有意采取的曲笔。

Among the novels of current affairs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most of the novels by adherents of the Ming Dynasty reflected a mourning for the former dynasty. However, the adherents showed big difference in contradictions between the Ming and Qing Dynasties, some had a deep - seated hatred for the Qing Dynasty, some avoided such feeling, and some described it as the Savior. It resulted from their embarrassing situations as well as their sorrow and dread. Narrating atrocities conducted by the Qing Dynasty, they could express their mourning for the deceased dynasty and denounce the current one, writing a memoir; ignoring the current Qing Dynasty or singing the praises of the dynasty, they actually feared the new dynasty, adopting another way of euphemism.