一株沼泽红假单胞菌的鉴定及产类胡萝卜素的研究

Identification of a Strain of Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Researches on Its Carotenoids Production

作者通过革兰氏染色、鞭毛染色、扫描电镜对一株光合细菌进行了形态学特征观察，并通过平板培养、液体培养特征、生理生化试验来了解其培养特征和生理生化特征；同时还通过双光束紫外一可见光谱仪分析了其活体细胞和细胞色素的光谱吸收行为。研究了其产类胡萝卜素的培养基和培养条件，并通过高效液相色谱仪对类胡萝卜素成分进行了分析。结果表明，此菌株为革兰氏阴性、有极生鞭毛，细胞为杆形，有集束生长的习惯，不对称出芽分裂，细胞大小为（0．6～2．5）um×（0．6～5．o）um；单菌落在固体平板培养基上呈淡黄色，表面光滑湿润，边缘整齐；在液体培养基上的培养物为深红色；对氨基苯甲酸、酵母浸出物对菌株的生长有显著刺激作用；菌体细胞色素含有类胡萝卜素和叶绿素a。根据这些形态学和生理生化特征，初步确定该菌株为沼泽红假单胞菌（Rhodopsedomonas palustris）。此菌在培养基组成为（g／L）：KH2PO4 0．6，K2HPO40．9，醋酸钠2．0，氯化铵1．5，酵母浸膏0．5，NaCl0．5，硫酸镁0．3，氯化钙0．2。在28℃、1500lx，pH6．5～8．5备件下培养能够快速生长繁殖。通过HPLC分析表明：类胡萝卜素提取液中成分至少有10种，其中5种是主要成分。

In this study, a bacteria was identified as Gram-negative, in shape of ovoid or rod, with flagellum on one end, 0.6-2.5 um × 0.6 - 5.0 um size, living together rose knottily, bud reproduction dissymmetrically. It showed light yellow on solid substrate and dark red in liquid substrate. This bacteria was sensitive to para aminobenzoic acid, especially yeast extract paste. It had carotenoids and chlorophyll-a. According the Bergey＇s manual systematic bacteriology, the strain was identified to be Rhodopsedornonas palustris. The optimized culture medium were potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.6 g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.9 g, yeast-extract 0. 5 g, sodium acetate 2.0 g, ammonium chloride 1. S g, sodium chloride 0.5 g, magnesium sulfate 0.3 g, calcium chloride 0.2 g, distilled water 1000 mL. Ten kinds of carotenoids were found by HPLC, and five were the main components among the ten.