耳后动脉在乳突区分支的解剖学研究

Applied Anatomy of the Postauricular Arterial Branches in Mastoid Region

目的研究耳后动脉在乳突区血管分支的走行、管径、分布、变异,以及对于乳突区筋膜的血供范围。方法本组样本共10具尸体(20例)耳后动脉标本。其中,10例新鲜尸体的耳标本进行耳后动脉红色乳胶灌注固定后,解剖观察血管分布;10例陈旧尸体耳标本直接行解剖观测。结果耳后动脉在乳突区有上支、中支和下支支配耳后乳突区皮肤及筋膜的血供。其中,20例标本中支和下支均可见,15例标本存在上支。耳后动脉支配的耳后筋膜宽度为5.5～7cm,长度为8～9.6cm。结论耳后动脉在乳突区的分支为耳后筋膜提供了可靠的血供,耳后筋膜可利用的范围可以满足颅耳角成形术中对于筋膜的需求。

Objective To observe route, diameter, branches, variation, and distribution of the postauricular arterial branches in mastoid region. Methods There are 20 cadaver auricles in this group. 10 fresh adult cadaveric auricles were dissected and observed after injected with red latex solution. 10 embalmed cadaveric auricles were dissected and observed directly. Results Its branches are derived from the posterior articular artery and they supply the skin and fascia in mastoid region. Lower and middle branches are present in all 20 ears, upper branches are present in 15 ears. The postauricular fascia of 5.5-7 cm in width and 8-9.6 cm in length were supplied by postauricular arterial branches. Conclusion Postauricular arterial branches provided reliable blood supply for the postauricular fascia,the circumscription is enough for the ear elevation.