西湖风景名胜区森林群落物种多样性及人为干扰的影响

Forest community species diversity and influence of human disturbance in Mountainous Area of the West Lake in Hangzhou,East China

采用样带法和样方法,对杭州西湖风景名胜区各类森林群落的物种多样性及其受人为干扰的影响进行了研究,分析了多样性差异的原因和干扰的后果.结果显示:(1)在研究区域内,落叶阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林和竹阔叶混交林的物种多样性较高;针叶林、针阔叶混交林和常绿阔叶林的物种多样性水平一般;人工抚育的竹林多样性最低.(2)从垂直结构上看,除落叶阔叶林外,物种丰富度指数和多样性指数大小的顺序为:灌木层>乔木层>草本层,符合亚热带森林群落的特点.(3)从不同干扰方式影响后果的角度看,公路干扰方式下群落物种丰富度和多样性是最高的,而茶园干扰方式下最低.(4)人为干扰可能使群落物种丰富度和多样性产生减少或增加两种变化,前者是因为干扰后引起的生境变化和片段化会使物种丰富度降低,后者是因为干扰使得群落的环境(尤其是光照和湿度)发生的变化,群落中出现大量阳生、旱生植物,以致丰富度和多样性增加.

Based upon belt transect method and quadrat method, the species diversity of various forest communities and the influence of human disturbance were investigated. The reason of diversity difference and the influence of disturbance were also analyzed. The result ahowed that： （1） in the whole community, species diversity in deciduous broad-leaved forest, evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, bamboo and broad-leaved mixed forest was high; in coniferous forest, broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest was in the middle; and in bamboo forest was low. （2） considered from the plumb structure, richness and diversity index ranked as.. shrub layer 〉 arborous layer 〉 herbaceous layer; （3） the richness and diversity index were the highest under the road disturbance, and the lowest in the tea garden disturbance. （4） the influence of human disturbance caused to make community species richness and diversity increase or decrease. Habitat change and fragmentation caused by disturbance would reduce the richness and diversity. Whereas, the disturbance would change the habitat （like light and humidity ） so that more sun species and xerophyte appeared in the same time.