母猪妊娠期能量限饲对后代仔猪生产性能及早期肌纤维发育的影响

Effects of maternal energy restriction during gestation on progeny performance and muscle fiber development of earlier period in sow

为探讨母猪妊娠期(30 d～分娩)能量限饲对后代仔猪生产性能及早期肌纤维发育的影响,试验选用8头配种日期、系谱、胎次、头胎产仔数、体重、日龄等相近的健康东北民猪经产母猪(胎次为2～3胎),采用单因子试验设计,根据饲喂不同能量水平的日粮(正常水平和限饲水平,限饲能量水平为80%正常能量水平),将8头母猪随机分成两组,即试验组(能量水平为80%正常能量水平组)和对照组(正常能量水平组),每组4头,每头为1个重复。比较了两组母猪后代仔猪的初生重、初生窝重、日增重、断奶重及不同日龄时肌束内肌纤维数、肌纤维密度和肌纤维直径。结果显示,试验组仔猪初生重、断奶重和日增重均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。试验组仔猪半腱肌肌束内肌纤维数与对照组相比有所降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);14日龄时试验组背最长肌肌纤维密度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),纤维直径显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其余指标没有显著差别。试验结果表明,母猪妊娠期能量限饲对后代仔猪早期生长及肌纤维发育造成不利影响,导致仔猪初生重、断奶重、日增重降低,肌纤维发育缓慢,半腱肌肌纤维数降低。

In order to study the effects of maternal energy restriction during gestation （ from 30 d of gestation until parturition） on progeny performance and muscle fiber development of earlier period in sow, 8 healthy northeast min sows-the multiparious sows with the similar mating date, pedigree, lactation number, first litter size, body weight and day-age were selected. One-factor completely random design was used, and the sows were randomly divided into two groups according to the energy level in diet： experimental group （diet with 80% normal energy level） and control group （diet with normal energy level）. There were 4 sows in each group and each sow was a replicate. The birth weight, weaning weight, litter weight gain, average daily gain and the muscle fiber density, diameter and number in muscle bundle at different days of piglets were determined. The results showed that the birth weight, weaning weight and average daily gain of piglets in the experiment group were very significantly lower than those of the control （P〈0.01）; compared to the control group, the number of muscle fiber in semitendinosus muscle bundle in the experiment group was reduced, though the effect was not significant （P〉0.05）. On 14th day, the longissimus muscle fiber density was significantly higher （P〈0.05）; and the diameter was significantly lower than that of the control （P〈0.05）. There were no siginificant difference in other indexes between groups. In conclusion, there were adverse effects of maternal energy restriction during gestation on progeny performance and muscle fiber development of earlier period in sow. The birth weight, weaning weight, average daily gain and muscle fiber number of piglets were reduced, and the muscle fiber development was slow.