泰山玉女祠改名昭真观的缘由考辨

On Renamed Reasons of Jade Maiden Ancestral Temple

在北宋时期,泰山玉女这一民间神灵既未载入国家祀典,也不符合道教经典,且名气不大,来历不明,实属淫祀。到蒙古中统五年(公元1264年),道士张志纯重修泰山玉女祠之后,玉女祠被改名为昭真观。这一改名之举,是结合当时蒙古统治者的政治需要,以道教理论重新解释泰山玉女,从而使泰山玉女既得到官方认可,也受到道教重视。这就为后来的碧霞元君大盛于明清,做了必要的准备。经分析推断,将玉女祠改名为昭真观的人,很有可能是张志纯。

In the earlier Song Dynasty, the folk deity Jade Maiden is neither recorded in national sacrificing ceremony nor conformed with Taoism teaching due to its ingloriousness and uncertain derivation. The Jade Maiden Ancestral Temple is not renamed Zhaozhen Temple until the 5^th year of Zhongtong ruled by Mongolians （1264 AD）, the year Taoist Zhang Zhichun rebuilds and probably renamed Jade Maiden Ancestral Temple in Mr. Taishan. The new name meets with the political needs of Mongolian governors by interpreting Jade Maiden in Taoism theory, which gained the official authorization and Taoism recognition for Jade Maiden in Mt. Taishan. In addition, it is also an essential preparation for Bixia Yuanjun＇s （Primordial Lady of Emerald Clouds and Heavenly Immortal Jade Maiden） flourishing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.