谈异形词的形成与规范

The Formation and Standard of Abnormity Words

异形词是汉语书面语中的累赘,必须加以整理和规范。异形词的形成原因有:选用笔画简单的同音字(包括俗字)而形成,因异体字的存在而形成,沿用古通假字而形成,因古今字而形成,由随意拈取同音字而形成,因合成该词的语素同义近义而形成,构词理据不同而形成,由于错别字合法化而形成等多种。异形词的规范要坚持从俗、意明、音准、从简、全面衡量、统筹兼顾的原则。

Abnormity words are a burden in written Chinese and must be regulated and standardized. There are a lot of causes for the formation of abnormity words：the choice of simple-stroke homonymous characters, the existence of abnormity characters, the continuing use of ancient false characters, the Gu and Jin characters, the casual use of homonymous characters, synonymous morphemes, different word-structure reasons, and the legalization of mispronounced or wrongly written characters etc.. The standardization of abnormity words should stick to the principles of popularity, clarity, correct pronunciation, simplicity, a comprehensive judgement and overall planning and all-round consideration.