浅析马克思的关于人的自由而全面发展的理论

Marx's Theory on the Human Free and Full Development

关于"人的自由而全面发展"思想的溯源,马克思、恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中关于"自由人联合体"的思想直接源于德国古典哲学,可上溯到英法近代哲学以至更远。自由是一个古老的概念,人类的历史从某种意义上讲,就是争自由的历史。从苏格拉底到费希特和黑格尔;还有圣西门、傅立叶、欧文等,这些人的对于自由的不同认知成为了马克思、恩格斯的关于人的自由而全面发展思想的重要来源。马克思主义哲学热烈地追求自由,激烈地反对专制主义;继承和发展了德国古典哲学及整个西方哲学崇尚自由的传统。人的自由而全面发展不但是马克思哲学所揭示的深刻的历史规律,也是马克思哲学的最高的价值理想。

On the source of ＂human free and full development＂, ＂The Commonwealth of Free People＂ in the Marx and Engels＇＂ Communist Manifesto＂ originated directly from the German classical philosophy, and it can be traced back to the British and French modern philosophy and beyond. Freedom is an ancient concept, and human history is a certain sense history of freedom struggle. From Socrates to Fichte and Hegel as well as Saint Simon, Fourier and Owen, these people＇s different understandings of freedom became an important source of the idea ＂the free and full development＂ of Marx and Engels. Marxist philosophy inherited the German classical philosophy tradition advocating freedom, warmly in pursuit of freedom, fiercely opposed to autocracy. It is the inheritance and development of the tradition advocating freedom for the German classical philosophy and the entire western philosophy. The free and full development of Marxist philosophy is not only enshrined in the deep laws of history, but also the highest values and ideals of Marxist philosophy.