大棚栽培对梨花粉量及花粉生活力的影响

Effects of greenhouse culture on pear pollen quantity per anther and pollen viability

以大棚梨早生新水、翠冠和黄花为试材,对其花粉量、花粉萌发率及花粉管长度进行了研究。结果表明:大棚花粉量比露地的少,花粉萌发率比露地的低,花粉管长度比露地的短。大棚栽培对早生新水和翠冠花粉量影响大,分别为露地的37.78%和38.74%;大棚中黄花、翠冠花粉萌发率较高,约是露地的50%,早生新水花粉萌发率最低,仅为19%,生产上不宜作授粉用;花粉管长度大棚与露地差异不显著。大棚内梨花粉萌发率低花粉量少可能是坐果率偏低的主要原因之一。

The pear cultivars Zaosheng Xinshui, Cuiguan and Huanghua in greenhouse were used as materials and their pollen grains per anther, pollen germination rates and pollen tube lengths were studied. The results showed that the number of pollen grains per anther of a cultivar in greenhouse was less than that of the same cultivar in open field, the pollen germination rate of a cultivar in greenhouse was lower than that of the same cultivar in open field, and the pollen tube length of a cultivar in greenhouse was shorter than that of the same cultivar in open field. Greenhouse cultivation had a great effect on average pollen grains per anther of Zaosheng Xinshui and Cuiguan, and the pollen quantities of the two cultivars in greenhouse were respectively 37.78% and 38.74% of those of the cultivars in open field. Average pollen germination rates of Huanghua and Cuiguan in greenhouse were relatively higher, about 50% of those in open field. The pollen germination rate of Zaosheng Xinshui in greenhouse was the lowest, only 19%, and so its pollen was not suitable for pollination in production. The difference in pollen tube length between cultivars in greenhouse and those in open field was not significant. The lower pollen germination rate and the less pollen quantity per anther of cultivars in greenhouse might be one of the major reasons for a lower fruit set rate.