湖北某矿床开采区居民健康状况及心理状态调查

Investigation on mental health of residents living in a mineral area in Hubei province

目的了解具有一般环境生态结局的湖北某矿床开采区居民健康状况及心理状况。方法采用健康调查问卷、症状自评量表（SCL-90）、状态一特质焦虑问卷（STAI—FormY）和自行设计的一般状况调查表，选择矿区某村居住10年以上的居民93人为观察组，以居住于同区域、经济状况及生活习惯基本相同、不受矿区生态环境影响的居民101人为对照组，进行流行病学调查，同时收集部分对象尿样和发样，测定其铅、镉、砷、铜、锌含量以及尿总蛋白、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）、8．氨基酮戊酸（δ-ALA）水平。结果观察组铅、镉、砷接触症状发生率明显高于对照组。观察组尿镉、发镉、发砷、发铅水平均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组及对照组尿生化指标检查未见明显异常。观察组SCL-90阳性症状调整检出率为8．60％，对照组为0．99％，SCL-90评分中观察组在总分及多项因子得分均明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），表明前者心理卫生状况不及后者；观察组的状态焦虑（S-AI）总体分及分性别S-A1分值高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），表明调查当时观察组焦虑情绪更为明显。观察组的特质焦虑（T-AI）总体分、观察组女性T-AI分值均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），表明就人格特质的焦虑倾向来说，观察组尤其是观察组的女性更为明显。结论矿床开采区居民的心理卫生状况不及非矿区居民，前者焦虑程度比后者高。

Objective To study the effect of mining operations on the mental health of residents living in a mining area in Hubei province. Methods Villagem（n=93 ） living in the mining area were compared with a control group of residents （n=101） in mental health status, and knowledge of environment and health. The mental health status of villagers was assessed using the Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）,State-Trait Anxiety Inventory（STAI） ;The knowledge of environment and health was evaluated using a self-designed questionnaire. The urine and hair samples were collected from some subjects. The lead, cadmium, arsenic, copper and zinc contents were detected as well as the total protein, NAG, δ-ALA in the urine. Results The occurrence rate of lead, cadmium, arsenic exposure symptoms was significantly higher in the exposed group than in the control group. The urine cadmium, the hair cadmium, the hair arsenic and hair lead were significantly higher in the exposed group than in the control group （P〈0.05）.The positive symptom detection rate of SCL-90 in the exposed group was 8.60% compared with 0.99% of the control group. For the SCL-90, the total scale, somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation, psychotism, other symptom in the exposed groups were significantly higher than those in the control group （ P〈0.05 ）, indicating the status of the psychological hygiene of the exposed group was worse than the control group. The total S-AI （anxiety） score and the sex-specific value in the exposed group were higher than the control group（ P〈0.05, P〈 0.01 ）,which showed that the anxiety of the exposed group was more evident. The total T-AI score and the sexspecific value in women of the exposed group were significantly higher than the control group （P〈0.01）, showing that the anxiety were more significant in the exposed group, especially the women of the exposed group. Conclusion The mental health status of the residents who living in a mining area is affected and they have a higher S-AI and T-AI scale than those living a non-mining area.