华北地区军事坑道内储水真菌污染原因分析

Fugal pollution of stored water in martial tunnels in North China:an analysis of causes

目的:对华北地区29条军事坑道内32个平均储存20年左右的水库储水进行真菌学及其污染原因分析,为采取预防措施提供依据。方法:用沉降法对坑道空气真菌浓度进行检测。用萨布罗琼脂培养基以倾注法检测储水真菌浓度。对部分检出的空气和储水真菌菌株根据菌落形态特征及显微镜下生长结构进行鉴定。结果:①有散在或连成片状真菌斑膜的占37.5%,有大面积片状真菌斑膜的占25.0%,水面全部被真菌斑膜覆盖的占9.4%。②29条坑道空气真菌浓度平均2 532 CFU/m3。32个水库平均真菌浓度819.9 CFU/m l。③对1 734株空气真菌菌株及1 125株储水真菌菌株鉴定,均以青霉属(45%及46.8%)、曲霉属(12.9%及13.7%)、链格孢属(8.9%及6.8%)为优势菌。结论:储水真菌污染较普遍,污染原因主要是未采取消毒措施,空气中飘浮的真菌通过孔门及缝隙进入水库沉降水面造成污染。如果采取消毒措施,切断传播途径,严格管理制度,可以防止真菌污染,确保储水的卫生质量。

Objectives：To analyze the mycology and causes of pollution of water derived from 32 reservoirs and stored around 20 years in 29 martial tunnels in North China, and to provide data for taking preventive measures. Mothods： The concentration of airborne fungi in tunnels was detected using sedimentation method, and fungi in the stored water were detected with Sabouraud＇s agar. Part of fugal strains in the air and water were identified by colony morphology and structure under a microscope. Results： ①37.5% of the fungi were dispersed or joined to form vellums, 25.0% were in vellums of large areas,and 9.4% of the water surface was covered completely by vellums. ②The average concentration of fungi was 2 532 CFU/m^3 in the air of 29 tunnels and 819.9 CFU/ ml in 32 reservoirs. ③1 734 air-borne fungal strains and 1 125 fungal stains of stored water were identified. The results were the same and showed that Penicillium spp （45% and 46.8% ）, Aspergillus spp（ 12.9% and 13.7% ） and Alternaria spp（8.9% and 6.8% ） were the preponderant fungi. Conclusions： The fungal pollution is prevalent in the stored water, mainly for lack of disinfection. The fungi in the air float through the doors and apertures into reservoirs, subside and pollute the water. If disinfection is taken to cut off the transmission and the regulation is strict, the pollution can be prevented and the quality of the stored water can be ensured.