张载人性论特征新探

A New Approach to the Study of Zhang Zai's Theory on Human Nature

在宋明理学家中,张载是最先系统重构儒家人性论的重要代表之一,以其"自立新说"而著称,突出展现在以下方面:一是以天道观为基础,解决了人性的来源问题,在一个全新的基础上实现了天人合一;二是张载认为人性"合"天地之性与气质之性之"两"而成,二者之间形成蔽覆与被蔽覆的关系;三是张载于"知礼成性"外还提出"穷理尽性以至于命"的命题,使其人性论具有了更丰富的内涵。

Zhang Zai is one of the most important philosophers who first reconstruct the Human Nature Theory in the Song and the Ming Dynasty. His theory is greatly different from those by other philosophers in three aspects. First, Zhang Zai＇s Theory on Human Nature is based on the cosmology which explains the orion of the human nature. Secondly, he points out that human nature is composed of nature of heaven and substantiation, the former of which is shaded by the＇latter. Thirdly, his view of ＂exploring thoroughly the logos and the intrinsic character to get the natural regulations＂ and ＂knowing the courtesies and forming the characters＂ has enriched his theory on human nature.