论斯密的二重方法及其历史影响

On Smith Adam's Dual Methods and Its Historic Influence

在政治经济学研究中,研究者所运用的方法不是任意的,而是由研究者的价值立场决定的。研究者持什么样的价值立场,就会选择与其相适应的研究方法。亚当.斯密在考察早期资本主义经济矛盾时,其研究方法体现出明显的二重性:一是本质抽象法,二是现象描述法。这是他所代表的早期资产阶级经济利益与意识的反映。斯密二重性的研究方法对后来政治经济学的研究方法和理论体系的演化与发展有着深远的历史影响,不论是社会主义政治经济学还是资本主义政治经济学,都可以从斯密那里找到方法论上的依据与渊源。

In the study of political economics, researchers cannot choose the research method without reason. It serves the stand of value. What stand the researcher has in mind, what method he/she will choose. When Smith Adam inspected the economic contradiction in the early period of capitalism, the method that had used reflected a dual-nature： abstraction and description of phenomenon. It was decided by his standing for the economic benefit and thought of the early capitalist class. His dual-natured methods have a far-reaching influence on the development of research method for political economics and theoretical system. No matter whether it is for socialist political economics or for capitalist political economics, there is reliable approach to a study based on Adam＇s dual-natured methods.