自由主义、共和主义财产权比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Property Rights of Liberalism and Republicanism

财产权是自由主义与共和主义共享的价值理念。两者都强调政府对财产权的保护。两者的区别体现在:自由主义以财产权保护为政府的根本目的,视财产权为个人权利的核心;共和主义以公共利益为政府存在的根本目的,对财产权的保护关键在于财产和人们的公民美德具有同一性。美国宪法共和主义发现了公民美德的脆弱性与公共权力的扩张性,主张以更加制度化的财产法确定人们的财产权,同时强调财产的责任,从而走向个人与集体利益的平衡。

Property rights are the notion shared by liberalism and republicanism. Both of them put emphasis on the protection of property rights. There are key differences between liberalism and republicanism. Liberalism regards the protection of property rights as the only goal of the government, since the people with liberal views regard property rights as the core of individual rights. Republicanism regards public benefits as the fundamental aim of the government. The reason for protecting property rights of republicanism is that republicanism regards property rights as civic virtue. Republicanism in the United States Constitution affirms a system of property laws to confirm property rights when they found the frangibility of civic virtue and selfdilation of power. Republicanism in the United States Constitution pays attention to the responsibility for property, which aims at the balance between collective interest and individual one.