青海环湖型牦牛血液蛋白质的遗传变异和基因分化

GENETIC VARIATION AND GENE DIFFERENTIATION OF BLOOD PROTEINS IN THE YAK POPULATION AROUND QINGHAI LAKE

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳法，对共和、海晏和大通3个地区的青海环湖型牦牛群体的血液蛋白质多态性进行了研究，结果表明：（1）血红蛋白、运铁蛋白和亲血色蛋白基因座都具有多态性；（2）血液蛋白质基因座的平均基因杂合度为0．11173，基因分化系数为0．03804，群体间遗传变异占总遗传变异的3．804％；（3）在运铁蛋白和亲血色蛋白基因座上，TF^D等位基因频率的群体间分化程度最小（Fst=0.001883），TF^E等位基因的最大（Fst=0．057012）。

Three Yak populations including Gonghuo,Haiyan and Datong have been used to make a investigation on the polymorphism of blood proteins by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in vertical plate. The results are as follows: (1)There are polymorphism on the loci of haemoglobin (HB), transferrin (TF)and haptoglobin (Hp).(2)The average gene heterozygosity on the loci of blood proteins is 0. 11173 (0. 09102─ 0. 12844). The coefficient of gene dlfferentiation among of the yak populations is 0. 03804, that explains,of the total yak population around Qinghai Lake .only 3. 804% coming from the interpopulation genctic variability, (3)On the loci of TF and Hp, the differentiation degree of TF^D allele frequence among the populations is the smallest (Fst=0. 0018833), while of TF^E allele frequence is the biggest (Fst=0. 057012 ).